Analysis Of The Article Are You Sexually, And Does That...

Analysis of Articles One of the keys points in the article â€Å"Are you Sexually Normal- and Does That Matter?† by Dr. Klein is â€Å"are we normal?† As humans we want to be seen as normal, but there is no real definition for normal. In class, Professor Popillion asked us our definition of a virgin and as a class we have different views on what we classified as a virgin. This is exactly what is going on with the definition of normal. I didn’t realize how much of a problem this was until reading this article because it affects us starting at childhood all the way into adulthood and beyond. Society makes us believe that we will be frowned upon for being sexual and having sexual thoughts all of our lives. Dr. Klein mentioned â€Å"as children, we learn to fear being discovered as sexual, and to mistrust our sexual energy, curiosity and desire.† It was really surprising to me to find out that a lot of young girls and boys believe they can’t talk about their sexuality and f ear that there is something wrong with them because of their sexuality. This is really sad because as children we have these feelings and everyone is telling us that they are bad, and in a child’s mind it makes them believe they are bad. When I was younger I thought this as well and I didn’t have anyone to talk to about these types of things. I believed that I wasn’t allowed to know about these things and what it was because it was bad. Another key point that is brought up in Dr. Klein’s article is the want by humans to beShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Child Sexual Abuse901 Words   |  4 Pages After reading the article by Rind, Tromovich, and Baserman, and the other associated commentaries I have drawn a few conclusions. First I do not believe in the Rind et al. s final theory that child sexual abuse does not cause intense and extensive harm in the long term. However, I do not fully renounce all of his theories. I have concluded that their final theory needed more precise research and there were holes in their research and theory. I also believe that they did not consider the impactRead MoreAn Effective Type Of Birth Control1465 Words   |  6 Pagesand promising to refrain from sexual activities until marriage. But officially, the virginity pledge states that â€Å"Believing that true love waits, I make a commitment to God, myself, my family, my friends, my future mate and my future children to be sexual ly abstinent from this day until the day I enter a biblical marriage relationship† (True Love Waits, n.d). True Love Waits is a movement that first began in 1993. Because of this movement, along with The Silver Ring Thing, nearly 2.2 million adolescentsRead MoreAnalysis Of George Lois s The Masculinisation Of The American Woman 1588 Words   |  7 PagesImage Object Analysis Description and Analysis George Lois, who is an American designer, author and art director, designed the Esquire Cover, 1965 â€Å"The Masculinisation of the American woman†. The covers dimensions are 33.5 x 26 and feature a photograph of a blonde lady shaving, which was then printed and edited to make a printed magazine cover. This is one of 92 covers that George Lois created within 1962 to 1972. Although the cover does use text it only uses the text that is essential forRead More Coersion and Rape Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmean no? Apparently through a term known as verbal coersion, which allows a large grey area to form between these simple answers to sometimes complicated questions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Verbal Coersion is not a term you will find in the dictionary, at least not in any of the ones I own. In an article by David R. Carlin, Jr., he states that as he interprets this term rape [can] occur even when consent is given, provided this consent is influenced by external pressures and is not simply the result of internalRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Child Sexual Abuse1896 Words   |  8 Pagesportrays CSA; by focusing on the Jimmy Savile scandal and other historic child sexual abuse crime, and how it was portrayed by the media. According to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), CSA is defined as â€Å"a child is sexually abused when they are forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities. This doesn’t have to be a physical contact, and it can happen online. Sometimes the child won’t understand that what’s happening to them is abuse. They may not even understandRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society, sexual harassment in the workplace has become a problem. This problem should have more attention and awareness provided to help stop these situations from happening. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, at any time, and to everyone. It does not discriminate and effects all ethnicity, genders, age, and races. Due to the larger number of cases presented in courts today, sexual harassment in the workplace continues to increase as each year passes. Through Television media, radio talk showsRead Mor eSexually Transmitted Infections Among Adults2097 Words   |  9 PagesSexually transmitted infections, commonly known as STIs, are being spread all over the globe.Most people could have an STI and not be aware of it. The cause being that the symptoms vary from one individual to another. Yet, the most common symptoms are vaginal or urethral discharge for women and burning for men (Whoint, 2016). In the past years, the cases of STIs have been increasing tremendously even though they are preventable. In Canada, in 2008, it was found that 70% of all cases reported forRead MoreDomestic Violence : A National Issue Of Epidemic Proportions1688 Words   |  7 Pagesapplying criminal law in this field. This article investigates the current operation of family law in Queensland in the domestic violence sphere and explores the advantages and disadvantages of applying criminal law to this area. Areas of investigation include, the effectiveness of current law, current issues relating to domestic violence, relevant stakeholders and perspectives and alternatives and recommendations relating to the current situation. The analysis proves current law and legislation to beRead MorePrecious Based on the Novel Push by Saphire Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Butler 04/24/2012 Intracultural Communications Professor Brook Film Analysis on 2009’s â€Å"Precious† Analyzing a dynamic film like the 2009 â€Å"Precious† is difficult. The movie got a lot of praise for the acting and the story that was portrayed but it also got a lot of heat from the race that was portrayed in the movie. African Americans nationwide said the movie made their African American ghettos into a sexually incest ridden, classless society and didn’t properly show any of the positiveRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Education Over Abstinence3277 Words   |  14 Pagesthan abstinence –which is 100% effective. Although this is true, according to the article Abstinence is the Best Policy in Preventing Teen Pregnancy written in July 2012, there are about 750,000 pregnant teenagers each year (Watkins np). This number includes all miscarriages, abortions, and children that will be given up for adoption, so there are not necessarily that many births from teens each year. No matter how it can be looked at, the number is overwhelming. It is difficult to imagine th at

Differences Between Men And Women As Victims Of Domestic...

This part of the dissertation will cover the similarities and differences between men and women as victims of domestic violence. The first topic that will be discussed is reporting. It can be difficult to understand or grasp the concept that men can be abused by women and nearly near the rate that women are assaulted and abused by men. In the white paper (Home Office, 2003) domestic violence was mainly described in terms of violence against women, males were largely ignored despite being acknowledged. In the white paper (Home Office 2016) things appeared to be different as male victims were acknowledged which suggests that it is becoming widely known that there is violence against men and it is being viewed as an issue. The Northern Rock Foundation concluded from their research that some males did not report partner abuse because they considered the occurrence too trivial and not worth reporting. Their research also looked into the large differences between the experiences of males a nd females; it was found that females were the main group to ask for help and also communicate with services. DOJ figures indicated that males are 11 percent less likely than women to report any type of violent crime that they were victims in. Ivankovich suggests that there are a number of explanations why male victims are unwilling to report. Men suffer abuse in silence because they fear that they will not be believed and people may jump to worse conclusions such as he is the perpetrator. MalesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Rhonda Copelon s Article Intimate Terror 878 Words   |  4 Pagesintense use of written word, Copelon presents her ideas on domestic violence within the private household very successfully. In this article, the author’s primary focus is comparing violent domestic abuse to official torture. This comparison could understandably be misinterpreted. However, Copelon is very quick to ensure that the two are not generalized and looked at as being the same. She assures that â€Å"[o]fficial torture and domestic violence are not the same; each is unique in its egregiousness†Read MoreFamily Violence And Domestic Violence1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Family violence, also known as domestic violence is the disorderly conduct by a person to another person, a family, or a family’s property. It is violence between family members and between people in domestic or intimate relationships. Generally family violence behavior is predicted to be as physical abuse, however there are a wide range of behaviors involved. These behaviors include, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, economical abuse, emotional abuse, social abuse, and spiritualRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Social And Legal Problem1344 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically, domestic violence has been viewed as a private issue to be dealt with between partners. It wasn’t until the 1970s that intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, became recognized as both a social and legal problem. Policy and lawmakers have been avidly defining the roles of the criminal justice system and communities in responding to domestic violence since its offici al acknowledgements as a public issue. Male Victims’ Experiences with Domestic Violence Our societalRead MoreThe Fundamental Problems Men And Women791 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will tackle the fundamental problems men and women face in regard to domestic violence. It looks into the effectiveness of non-molestation orders under Section 42 of the Family Law Act 1996. The research applied, draws upon journal articles, books and cases to analyse how effectively men and women are protected. The aim is to ascertain whether or not the law is equal in treating male victims of domestic violence as they do with females. It will also highlight the problems in the law soRead MoreThe Null Hypothesis : Gender Bias928 Words   |  4 Pagestowards male victims. †¢ When asked if DV affects a significant number, small number of men or doesn’t affect men, 53.2% male respondents and 58.6% female respondents think that it affects a small number of men. Only 23.8% male respondents and 31.3% female respondents think a significant number of men are affected and a further 10.9% male respondents and 10.1% female respondents think it doesn’t affect men. Since the p value show no statistical relationship, there is no difference between how men and womenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1163 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic violence can be describe as one of the most gruesome and misunderstood crime in our society. It can be as simple as verbal abuse and as complicated as a homicide where we walk a thin line between intentional harm and self-defence. There are two distinctive differences or stages of domestic violence. The first being some sort of â€Å"controlling behaviour explained as a range of acts designed to m ake a person subordinate and/or dependent by isolating them from sources of support, exploiting theirRead MoreWhy Do We Assign Violence A Gender?1323 Words   |  6 PagesMaisie McGregor Discursive Essay - Draft One Why do we assign violence a gender? â€Å"How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Emma Watson - UN Women Goodwill Ambassador, speaking at the UN Headquarters in New York on 20th September 2014 Imagine this – you’re lying on the bloodstained living room carpet in your flat in North London. Your partner has just stabbed you in the back of your thigh with a breadknife, followingRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Serious Problem1381 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no denying that domestic violence directed towards women is a serious problem all over the world, and here in the United States. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence reports that every 9 seconds, a woman is physically assaulted or abused in America.(NCADV) To understand domestic violence, one must first understand what domestic violence can consist of, and that is; the use or threat to use physical, sexual, or verbal behavior to force the partner to do something one wants; toRead MoreThe National Coalition Against Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is violent or aggressive behavior pattern in a relationship between two partners within the home. Domestic Violence typic ally involves one of the individuals I the relationship to be controlling and wants to take advantage and control of the other. The University of Louisiana at Monroe needs a new organization that can make a difference and give both women and men a sense of hope and safety; this solution should be the National Coalition against Domestic Violence (NCADV). The NationalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Harassment1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence is an ever growing problem across the globe. In particular, violence against women is at an all time high. Although many cases of violence against women are reported, it is in statistical data that half of all cases are not reported. Some are not reported because of fears, relationship severances, and other unknown reasons. The main types of abuse on women are domestic and sexual harassment (Nosheen, 2011). Follow this paper carefully while it takes you on an expedition of

The Risks Involved In Internet Banking Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2105 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Internet banking refers to systems that enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or other intelligent device. Internet banking products and services can include wholesale products for corporate customers as well as retail and fiduciary products for consumers. Ultimately, the products and services obtained through Internet banking are mirror products and services offered through other bank delivery channels. Types of Internet Banking Informational Communicative Transactional Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Risks Involved In Internet Banking Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Internet Banking Risks Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligors failure to meet the terms of any contract with the bank or otherwise to perform as agreed. Credit risk is found in all activities where success depends on counterparty, issuer, or borrower performance. It arises any time bank funds are extended, committed, invested, or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether on or off the banks balance sheet. Internet banking provides the opportunity for banks to expand their geographic range. Customers can reach a given institution from literally anywhere in the world. In dealing with customers over the Internet, absent any personal contact, it is challenging for institutions to verify the bonafides of their customers, which is an important element in making sound credit decisions. Verifying collateral and perfecting security agreements also can be challenging with out-of-area borrowers. Unless properly managed, Internet banking could lead t o a concentration in out-of-area credits or credits within a single industry. Moreover, the question of which states or countrys laws control an Internet relationship is still developing. Effective management of a portfolio of loans obtained through the Internet requires that the board and management understand and control the banks lending risk profile and credit culture. They must assure that effective policies, processes, and practices are in place to control the risk associated with such loans. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates. From an economic perspective, a bank focuses on the sensitivity of the value of its assets, liabilities and revenues to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from differences between the timing of rate changes and the timing of cash flows (repricing risk); from changing rate relationships among different yield curves affecting bank activities (basis risk); from changing rate relationships across the spectrum of maturities (yield curve risk); and from interest-related options embedded in bank products (options risk). Evaluation of interest rate risk must consider the impact of complex, illiquid hedging strategies or products, and also the potential impact that changes in interest rates will have on fee income. In those situations where trading is separately managed, this refers to structural positions and not trading portfolios. Internet banking can attract deposits, loans, and other relationships from a larger pool of possible customers than other forms of marketing. Greater access to customers who primarily seek the best rate or term reinforces the need for managers to maintain appropriate asset/liability management systems, including the ability to react quickly to changing market conditions. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from a banks inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions affecting the ability of the bank to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. Internet banking can increase deposit volatility from customers who maintain accounts solely on the basis of rate or terms. Asset/liability and loan portfolio management systems should be appropriate for products offered through Internet banking. Increased monitoring of liquidity and changes in deposits and loans may be warranted depending on the volume and nature of Internet account activities. Price Risk Price risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of traded portfolios of financial instruments. This risk arises from market making, dealing, and position taking in interest rate, foreign exchange, equity, and commodities markets. Banks may be exposed to price risk if they create or expand deposit brokering, loan sales, or securitization programs as a result of Internet banking activities. Appropriate management systems should be maintained to monitor, measure, and manage price risk if assets are actively traded. Foreign Exchange Risk Foreign exchange risk is present when a loan or portfolio of loans is denominated in a foreign currency or is funded by borrowings in another currency. In some cases, banks will enter into multi-currency credit commitments that permit borrowers to select the currency they prefer to use in each rollover period. Foreign exchange risk can be intensified by political, social, or economic developments. The consequences can be unfavorable if one of the currencies involved becomes subject to stringent exchange controls or is subject to wide exchange-rate fluctuations. Foreign exchange risk is discussed in more detail in the Foreign Exchange, booklet of the Comptrollers Handbook. Banks may be exposed to foreign exchange risk if they accept deposits from non-U.S. residents or create accounts denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Appropriate systems should be developed if banks engage in these activities. Transaction Risk Transaction risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error, and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position, and manage information. Transaction risk is evident in each product and service offered and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, computing systems, complexity of products and services, and the internal control environment. A high level of transaction risk may exist with Internet banking products, particularly if those lines of business are not adequately planned, implemented, and monitored. Banks that offer financial products and services through the Internet must be able to meet their customers expectations. Banks must also ensure they have the right product mix and capacity to deliver accurate, timely, and reliable services to develop a high level of confidence in their brand name. Customers who do business over the Internet are likely to hav e little tolerance for errors or omissions from financial institutions that do not have sophisticated internal controls to manage their Internet banking business. Likewise, customers will expect continuous availability of the product and Web pages that are easy to navigate. Software to support various Internet banking functions is provided to the customer from a variety of sources. Banks may support customers using customer-acquired or bank-supplied browsers or personal financial manager (PFM) software. Good communications between banks and their customers will help manage expectations on the compatibility of various PFM software products. Attacks or intrusion attempts on banks computer and network systems are a major concern. Studies show that systems are more vulnerable to internal attacks than external, because internal system users have knowledge of the system and access. Banks should have sound preventive and detective controls to protect their Internet banking systems from exploitation both internally and externally. See OCC Bulletin 99-9, Infrastructure Threats from Cyber- Terrorists for additional information. Contingency and business resumption planning is necessary for banks to be sure that they can deliver products and services in the event of adverse circumstances. Internet banking products connected to a robust network may actually make this easier because back up capabilities can be spread over a wide geographic area. For example, if the main server is inoperable, the network could automatically reroute traffic to a back up server in a different geographical location. Security issues should be considered when the institution develops its contingency and business resumption plans. In such situations, security and internal controls at the back-up location should be as sophisticated as those at the primary processing site. High levels of system availability will be a key expectation of customers and will likely differentiate success levels amo ng financial institutions on the Internet. National banks that offer bill presentment and payment will need a process to settle transactions between the bank, its customers, and external parties. In addition to transaction risk, settlement failures could adversely affect reputation, liquidity, and credit risk. Risk Management Financial institutions should have a technology risk management process to enable them to identify, measure, monitor, and control their technology risk exposure. Examiners should refer to OCC Bulletin 98-3, Technology Risk Management for additional guidance on this topic. Risk management of new technologies has three essential elements: The planning process for the use of the technology. Implementation of the technology. The means to measure and monitor risk. The OCCs objective is to determine whether a bank is operating its Internet banking business in a safe and sound manner. The OCC expects banks to use a rigorous analytic process to identify, measure, monitor, and control risk. Examiners will determine whether the level of risk is consistent with the banks overall risk tolerance and is within the banks ability to manage and control. The risk planning process is the responsibility of the board and senior management. They need to possess the knowledge and skills to manage the banks use of Internet banking technology and technology-related risks. The board should review, approve, and monitor Internet banking technology-related projects that may have a significant impact on the banks risk profile. They should determine whether the technology and products are in line with the banks strategic goals and meet a need in their market. Senior management should have the skills to evaluate the technology employed and risks assumed. Periodic independent evaluations of the Internet banking technology and products by auditors or consultants can help the board and senior management fulfill their responsibilities. Implementing the technology is the responsibility of management. Management should have the skills to effectively evaluate Internet banking technologies and products, select the right mix for the bank, and see that they are installed appropriately. If the bank does not have the expertise to fulfill this responsibility internally, it should consi der contracting with a vendor who specializes in this type of business or engaging in an alliance with another provider with complementary technologies or expertise. Measuring and monitoring risk is the responsibility of management. Management should have the skills to effectively identify, measure, monitor, and control risks associated with Internet banking. The board should receive regular reports on the technologies employed, the risks assumed, and how those risks are managed. Monitoring system performance is a key success factor. As part of the design process, a national bank should include effective quality assurance and audit processes in its Internet banking system. The bank should periodically review the systems to determine whether they are meeting the performance standards. Internal Controls Internal controls over Internet banking systems should be commensurate with an institutions level of risk. As in any other banking area, management has the ultimate responsibility for developing and implementing a sound system of internal controls over the banks Internet banking technology and products. Regular audits of the control systems will help ensure that the controls are appropriate and functioning properly. For example, the control objectives for an individual banks Internet banking technology and products might focus on: Consistency of technology planning and strategic goals, including efficiency and economy of operations and compliance with corporate policies and legal requirements. Data availability, including business recovery planning. Data integrity, including providing for the safeguarding of assets, proper authorization of transactions, and reliability of the process and output. Data confidentiality and privacy safeguards. Reliability of MIS. Once control objectives are established, management has the responsibility to install the necessary internal controls to see that the objectives are met. Management also has the responsibility to evaluate the appropriateness of the controls on a cost-benefit basis. That analysis may take into account the effectiveness of each control in a process, the dollar volume flowing through the process, and the cost of the controls. Examiners will need to understand the banks operational environment to evaluate the proper mix of internal controls and their adequacy. According to the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) the basic internal control components include: Internal accounting controls used to safeguard the assets and reliability of financial records. These would include transaction records and trial balances Operational controls used to ensure that business objectives are being met. These would include operating plans and budgets to compare actual against pla nned performance. Administrative controls used to ensure operational efficiency and adherence to policies and procedures. These would include periodic internal and external audits. Conclusion This paper has thus covered the various aspects of internet banking risks. Also, the suggestions given in the form of control measures may be followed to achieve the desired results and overcome the demerits.

Slowly Moving Towards Legalizing Marijuana Essay - 3153 Words

For the past ninety years, marijuana has been an enemy to drug agencies, government officials, and presidential administrations. Smoke Signals, a book about the oppressive and beneficial history of marijuana, is written as an effective argument while highlighting the plant in many different social settings. Cannabis use can be traced back to the Neolithic Period (10,200-4500 BC). Since then, nearly every culture continued to use marijuana for personal reasons, causing information to surge throughout the world. Some cultivate marijuana for the stems and stalk that produce cordage and cloth, while others eat the marijuana seeds for the essential fatty acids and protein. The first reference to medical-marijuana†¦show more content†¦A Jamaican-centered, long-term marijuana use study concluded that no significant differences between ganja smokers and nonsmokers were present with basic skills and responses. Different presidential administrations rejected studies like these, that proved medical-marijuana potential, to protect the illusion that marijuana crippled America. American culture exploited marijuana for nearly every use. People who found relief in marijuana stood for their rights. Social gatherings like Hempfest promoted marijuana-law reform when thousands of people gathered and enjoyed themselves in the company of other marijuana users. In retaliation, the iron fist of different drug czars, presidents, and the authorities ruled anyone who had ties to marijuana. They enforced a zero-tolerance policy in America while other countries approached marijuana with a different strategy. Instead of moving towards prohibition, countries like the Netherlands, Canada, and Israel, worked towards decriminalization— the policy that removes the marijuana smoker from the criminal justice system. Many countries found consistent evidence that marijuana benefitted patients with terminal illnesses or troublingShow MoreRelatedShould Drugs be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation for later use in other drug cases. The main controversy between legalizing drugs is that one side believes it benefits humans bodily and materialistically, but it conflicts with the immense side effects that are dangerous to society and the human mind. Police also must abide by the fourth amendment of no illegal search and seizure, but those against legalization believe that under circumstance that since drugs such as marijuana â€Å"has no medical use and does more harm to the body† Read MoreThe Issue Of The Legality And The War On Drugs1246 Words   |  5 Pagesclaim is that â€Å"by keeping drugs illegal, we maintain the criminal sanctions that persuade most people that the good life cannot be reached by dealing drugs (Bennett 548)†. His grounds varies but is heavily based off pathos saying things such as legalizing drugs would make them available at corner stores and that â€Å"we would see an increase in drug-related accidents at work, on the highways and in the airways. (Bennett 549)†. His warrant is that he is implying that we live in a world where people don’tRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuan Coul Impact Society2226 Words   |  9 PagesMarijuana Could Impact Society Throughout our history there has been an exhausting amount of controversy over legalizing marijuana. Thankfully, studies are beginning to show that over half of our country is in favor of legalizing marijuana and 78% are in favor of legalizing marijuana for medicinal uses (Nagourney Lyman, 2013). Those individuals whom are not for either side sometimes ask, â€Å"What are the side effects to using marijuana and what qualities does it have that can help with medicinalRead MoreA New Horizon On Cannabis For Texans1567 Words   |  7 PagesHorizon in Cannabis for Texans Marijuana has been a hot button topic for the past couple of years. It recently made headlines earlier in the state of Texas. On Monday, June 1st 2015 Governor Greg Abbott signed The Compassionate Use Act (senate bill 339) by Senator Kevin Eltife (R-Tyler). Sb 339 â€Å"†¦will allow individuals with intractable epilepsy to access cannabidiol (CBD oil) to reduce seizures† (State of Texas). What this bill stands for is the belief that the marijuana plant can produce some lifesavingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay2099 Words   |  9 Pagesa catatonic state. Nothing could help her. But after five years her parents finally tried marijuana. Now Charlotte has less than one seizure a week and has become a normal child. What if her parents were too afraid to try it? Marijuana can help people and our country in many ways. So, Recreational marijuana should be legalized because it poses numerous benefits which outweigh the minor downsides. Marijuana is safer than alcohol. Alcohol is toxic to healthy cells and organs, a side effect that resultsRead MoreOlivia Batten. Mrs. Morrison-Robinson. Writing 421. 191344 Words   |  6 Pageslegal seems like it would be the worst possible thing the government could do in response to the fentanyl crisis. Adversary, it might be the most effective solution there is. There is a lot of misconception about drug legalization. Uncertainty towards this concept is usually because of stigma surrounding drug use or confusing legalization with decriminalization. Decriminalising an illegal drug means taking away penalties for possessing that drug but leaving its distribution in the hands of criminalsRead MoreEssay on The Legalization Drugs2187 Words   |  9 Pageslegalization of drugs would be a tolerant middle ground that recognizes the inevitability of drug use and strives to make it as safe as possible. Regulating the market for drugs and researching new psychoactives would lead to a safer drug experience. Legalizing would eliminate the need for an invasive and brutal police force and halt the slow decline of our civil rights and liberties. With the strain of drug related policing removed, serious crimes could be given the resources they deserve. Organized crimeRead MoreMass Incarceration Of Poor Black Male4177 Words   |  17 Pagesincreased more than 1000% since the drug war began. Further, the increase does not have any resemblance or correspondence to published research figures on patterns of drug use or sales. In other words, the supply and behavior remains stable or grows slowly, but the percentage of those incarcerated is exploding. In effect, the claim here is that in order to keep the expanded prison business booming, it became increasingly necessary to draw upon the available pool of drug offenders to increase prison

Industrial Unrest Free Essays

The term industrial unrest is used to describe activities undertaken by the labor and other working people when they feel grievances and protest against pay or conditions of their employment. Industrial unrest can also be defined as the total range of behaviours and attitudes that express opposition and divergent orientations between industrial owners and managers, on the one hand, and working people and their organisations on the other. The unrest actions may include strikes, sit-ins, slowdowns or work-to-rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Unrest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Historically, riots also took place, such as the action taken by the Luddites during the Industrial Revolution, and other machine-wrecking outbreaks. Industrial unrest is caused by a clash between employers and employees. Generally, the causes of industrial conflict fall into categories such as working conditions, wage demands, work practices, political disputes and social concerns. Different forms of unrest Organised unrest: – Collective in nature, involves groups of employees or trade unions – Open (or overt), obvious to all that it is occurring – takes the form of: Strikes – Lockouts – Overtime bans, working to rule, restrictions on output – Political action -Go slow – Sit-in Unorganised unrest: – Individual in nature, only involves single employees – Hidden (or covert), not obvious it is occurring – takes the form of – Absenteeism – Labour turnover – Low productivity – Acts of indisc ipline and sabotage – Working without enthusiasm Reasons behind industrial unrest Management Views Small number of â€Å"militant† shop stewards – abusing their position -Some workers had other sources of income not committed to the corporation Unofficial disputes – increased significantly -Overly dependent on third parties to solve I. R. problems -Lack of consistency in interpretation implementation of policy. Employee Views -Workers badly advised or not advised/consulted by shop stewards -Some shop stewards workers wanted to cause trouble rather than do their work -Some managers were aggressive in their dealings with workers -No future in the corporation due to intention to privatise -Supervisors were not allowed to manage by their superiors – a lot of responsibility with no authority.Conflict resolution mechanisms There are five main styles of dealing with conflict that vary in their degrees of cooperativeness and assertiveness. It is argued that people typically have a preferred conflict resolution style. However it is also noted that different styles were most useful in different situations. The main styles are: Competitive: People who tend towards a competitive style take a firm stand, and know what they want. They usually operate from a position of power, drawn from things like position, rank, expertise, or persuasive ability.This style can be useful when there is an emergen cy and a decision needs to be make fast; when the decision is unpopular; or when defending against someone who is trying to exploit the situation selfishly. However it can leave people feeling bruised, unsatisfied and resentful when used in less urgent situations. Collaborative: People tending towards a collaborative style try to meet the needs of all people involved. These people can be highly assertive but unlike the competitor, they cooperate effectively and acknowledge that everyone is important.This style is useful when people need to bring together a variety of viewpoints to get the best solution; when there have been previous conflicts in the group; or when the situation is too important for a simple trade-off. Compromising: People who prefer a compromising style try to find a solution that will at least partially satisfy everyone. Everyone is expected to give up something and the compromiser him- or she also expects to relinquish something. Compromise is useful when the cost of conflict is higher than the cost of losing ground, when equal strength opponents are at a standstill and when there is a deadline looming. Accommodating: This style indicates a willingness to meet the needs of others at the expense of the person’s own needs. The accommodator often knows when to give in to others, but can be persuaded to surrender a position even when it is not warranted. This person is not assertive but is highly cooperative. Accommodation is appropriate when the issues matter more to the other party, when peace is more valuable than winning, or when people want to be in a position to collect on this â€Å"favor† people gave.However people may not return favors, and overall this approach is unlikely to give the best outcomes. Avoiding: People tending towards this style seek to evade the conflict entirely. This style is typified by delegating controversial decisions, accepting default decisions, and not wanting to hurt anyone’s feelings. It can be appropriate when victory is impossible, when the controversy is trivial, or when someone else is in a better position to solve the problem.However in many situations this is a weak and ineffective approach to take. Dispute Resolution In short, industrial relation situation in Bangladesh is not encouraging. But for the greater interest of the nation organizations should emphasis on sound industrial relation that can expedite national development. For a hopeful industrial revolution there is urgent need to fulfill some prerequisites like: a) Establishing excellent relationship, mutual trust and honor between employers and workers at highest level; ) Avoidance of industrial unrest, establishment and maintaining harmonious labor management relationship; c) increasing employees’ efficiency; d) ensuring highest productivity through concerted efforts of employers and employees; e) providing possible better wages, safe work place, good work environment, and sufficient welfa re for workers, which in term will surely increase productivity; and f) Establishing social security system and safety net for the employees. How to cite Industrial Unrest, Papers

The Adventures Of Huck Finn 2 Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By ; Mark Twain I have read the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn up to chapter 14. I have found one thing I don # 8217 ; t like, the linguistic communication which is used is straight out of the 1800 # 8217 ; s. An illustration of this can be found on every page in the book. Couple shows one of these illustrations when he writes, # 8220 ; I took to it once more because pablum hadn # 8217 ; t no objections. # 8221 ; This linguistic communication is non acceptable in modern English, it should truly be, # 8220 ; I took to it once more because pablum had no objections. # 8221 ; When Tom and Huckleberry were outside and ran out of tapers and needed more of them, I thought it was good of Tom to go forth money for the tapers he stole. Couple shows this when he writes, # 8220 ; But Tom wanted to resk it ; so we slid in there and got three tapers, and Tom laid five cents on the tabular array for pay. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adventures Of Huck Finn 2 Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; This shows that though it was incorrect of Tom to steal the tapers it honest of him to go forth wage for the tapers. I think Ts hat Tom and Huck are really smart male childs, when Huck snuck out of the house Tom pretended that he was a cat to acquire Hucks attending. If he hadn’t done this the widow might hold caught them go forthing in the center of the dark. Couple shows their resourcefulness when he writes, â€Å"Directly I could merely hardly hear a me-yow! me-yow! down at that place. That was good! Says I, me-yow! me-yow! every bit soft as I could, and so I put out the visible radiation and scrambled out of the window on to the shed.† This shows the male childs resourcefulness and intelligence. I think it is ill that the group of male childs made their ain pack. The pack planned to rob people, kill people and take people for ransom. Twain illustrates this when he writes, # 8220 ; We ain # 8217 ; t burglars. That ain # 8217 ; t no kind of manner. We are highjackers. We stop phases and passenger cars on the route, with masks on and kill the people and take their tickers and money. # 8221 ; I find it atrocious that some immature school male childs would be after to kill people. In decision the book is non every bit bad as I expected it to be.

Leadership Framework of Volkswagen -Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss about the various leadership framework in light of Volkswagen. 2.Discuss about the DAS Problem. 3.As chief executive of the Organisation, how to engage with the dilemmas and paradoxes. 4.Discuss about the critical generic factors any senior executive team would have to Consider. Answers: Introduction 1.The report will discuss in detail various leadership framework in light of Volkswagen. The company recently came in picture for cheating emission test and the scandals questioned many kinds of practices. It further has also described how the CEO of the company completely oversaw the culture in which challenging the decisions and speaking up was de-motivated. This is based on examining and offering the attractive and the safe environmental sound vehicles that could easily be able to compete with the higher standards in the respective classes. The management of the culture and the collaboration is mainly for the integral component of the corporate culture, providing a frame of reference with the guide for the decision-making process. The code of conduct is important for the management culture and collaboration. Here, the major responsibility is to work towards the development, where CEO is producing the better cars with the very low emissions under some strict conditions. PESTEL Volkswagen Political: the company has faced a lot of political challenges over a period of time since the company is not present in more than hundred and fifty countries. Economic: the automobile industry is an important industry that helps in developing any country since it helps in contributing in the present national income of the country.[2] Social: society plays an important role in the growth of the automobile industry and a company like Volkswagen impact the society as well in which it functions. [3] Technological: technology is a heart of the car manufacturing industry and the company like Volkswagen is among those organizations that have also believed in having the best technology in car manufacturing. Environmental: the car manufacturing industry makes a huge impact on the environment of the country and it also impacts the growth of the industry. [4] Legal: it is crucial for the automobile industry to follow the legal needs of a country and for a company like Volkswagen it is a challenge since the number of countries in which it operate are huge and legal needs for every country is different. Force field analysis Volkswagen The CEO should focus on the functioning with driving the changes where the internal drivers include the outdated machinery with the declining of the team morale. It also includes the need to increase the profitability and working on training the staff. Along with this, there is a possibility to focus on the management of the change in the workplace with the use of the assigning actions to the differently set and required activities. [5] The CEO should also focus on the technologies which reflects the new productivity.[6] The forces for the change are the operating environment, change in the demographic trends and the technology. The forces which are against the change are the fears of the competitors, the other commitments to the other partner organisations. The responsibility in the organisations is mainly through the push responsibility with the organisational hierarchy and the management of the cog in the machine syndrome. The role fulfilment with the product of the context is important for proper organisation culture along with hitting the sales goals. The leadership is also based on the engagement of the employees to work towards the better outcome. 2.To handle the DAS problem, there have been different conferences which relates to handling the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which has been accused with the cheating emission tests. [7] EPA has been able to find about the defeat device or the software that was installed. Along with this, the scandal was also able to raise the awareness of the high level of pollution that is being emitted by the cars. The wide range of the car makers are likely finding it legal to exceed the limitation of the pollution. Volkswagen works on the ethical analysis with the observed deception, corporate governance and the corporate culture. The CSR holds the responsibility for the trust of the customers, and the public, with easy manipulation of regulators.[8] The leadership approach using a range of the models and frameworks Kaleidoscope: the theory is actually developed by Hope Hailer and Balogun and called as Change Kaleidoscope theory. The theory mainly aims on three things which are: - After the results, CEO Volkswagen need to focus on the different perspectives for the handling of the scandals in the automobile sector. It is important to focus on the management, organization and the setting of the proper sectors for the internal and the external stakeholders. This is not involved in the technology based fraud rather they are for the labor union representatives, where one of the managers is involved with the collection to the politicians. Hence, a proper communication is important for the CSR which will be able to interpret the sustainability and measure the corporate social responsibility performance. The managerial actions are attended with the disclosed documents. The media coverage and the scandals are concerning the involvement of the buyer, competitor or the employer. The understanding is about how the local disclosure works with the different functions which relate to the local stakeholder interests.[9] Mc Kinsey 7S Hard elements are strategy, structure and systems. Soft elements are shared values, skills, style and staff. The system should be able to work on managing the relationship with the effective corporate governance control. The ethics is also based on the embeddedness of ethics in the organizational policies and control. The research is based on the regulations and how the compliance work, interpret and struggle with the management to implement the regulations. The staff and the reputation is also focusing on the reactions and processes that are based on handling the operations with the VW scandal considered as a major case for the public scrutiny that increase with affecting the different organizations in the industry. Kotters model Sense of Urgency framework The model was proposed by Kotter who happens to a professor at Harvard Business School and is also a founder of a firm called Kotter International. [10] As per the case study of Volkswagen Unethical Practice in Diesel Emission test, there have been investigations about how the emission scandal has been a major deception scandal which leads to the issues related to the concern of globalization and the environmental pollution. The change management will be important for the successful integration and the operations. Create the urgency, include the powerful coalition, create the vision for the change and communicate the vision. This will help in removing restrictions which are based on the automobile functioning and the sport-utility cars. Volkswagen urgency of the work include the ethical approaches with the major impact on the due to the corporate culture of the company. Rewards (transactional leadership): Leadership is mainly to enhance the coordination of the people, which will help in improving the communication in between the employees with better understanding. The transactional leadership is chosen in VW which consists of people with right kind of motivation and direct followers mainly with the help of appealing their own self-interest.[11] There are four dimensions to it discussed below: Contingent rewards: These kinds of leaders always link the goals with the rewards, and also along with clear set of expectation along with important base of resources, establish mutually agreed objectives along with providers of many reward for successful performance. Active management: these leaders are active part of supervising the work of the subordinates and watch for right kind of changes that covers from standards to rules and also taking corrective actions to save any kind of errors. [12] Passive management: the leader in transactional form should only interfere when the standards are not rightly met or when the present performance is not according the expectations. Laissez Faire: the leaders also provide with a culture where the subordinates get many opportunities to take right decisions. The leader himself can abdicate the accountabilities and also avoid taking right decision and this is why the group usually lacks the directions for the same. [13] Leadership lifecycle: leadership is followed by a lifecycle. Therefore, there comes a time when a leader is born, then there is growth process, maturity stage where the CEO focused on the market maturity rather than competition. In the end, it reaches the legacy stage (which included how VW ignored the warning of the emission test triggering software warnings from the employees) which followed by death. [14] GROW model: this model is actually an acronym for Goals, Reality, Options and Will and the main highlight are four important steps in the execution of this model. With this, there are efforts which are for the finalization of deals to solve any of the issues of deception the solution also focuses on the automobile industry to advance for the traditional technology. The zero emission cars are able to tighten the opportunity with the cheating done in the emission tests. The awareness, responsibility and the purpose oriented helped in bringing more opportunities to VW. The solutions are related to the store operations and how the scandal is considered for the international deception. The estimates are about the complicated factors where the deal is to handle the overall customer traffic that has been reduced and work on assisting and dealing with the other utilization factors where the sales workforce is set with the purpose to improve the satisfaction and motivation. The factors are related to the need of the battery in the zero emission cars which is also a high demand of the battery. objectives. Leadership styles: following is the detailed discussion of different leadership styles: Autocratic leadership: this style is based on the boss and leaders hold all kind of responsibility and authority and no consultation is taken from anyone while taking decisions. Democratic leadership: this style consists of subordinates that are involved in making decision. The leader takes the final accountability of the decision but he is known to delegate the authority to other people as well. [15] Strategic style: this style is one that consist of a leader who most importantly is the head of the company and this leader is not restricted to those at top level of company. Transformational leadership this style is all about starting the change process in company, group, oneself and other parts. Team style: this style consists of the creation of future picture where the organization is heading and what it actually stand for. Leadership Domains framework: the present time is based on the approach to broaden the current traditional methods for leadership and further forms new kind approach based on complex science. In last ten years, it is important to apply principles of this science on various public organizations like government along with broad range of industries. With the CEO, the implications are related to the failure of the tests, and the other operations with contributors help in developing a framework which permits the managers and executives to see things from new perspective with complex concepts and deal with real world issues and options.[16] The colors of leadership: It has been seen that VW CEO is able to bring the best with the different leadership colors, where: - Green: this color represents growth. it is important for the leaders to constantly grow and learn. Blue: this color identifies with calming and soothing color. There is a time when leaders should be calm, steady and consistent. Red: this color shows fire and passion. As leaders, it is most important for the leaders bring passion as an outcome to help to work and team must also lead. Purple: this color is related to creativity and as a leader it is important to be creative and motivate the innovation for the organization. Figure: Description of the different colors of CEO VW The outcome from the leadership of change and what does the organisation need now Volkswagen in the present time needs to make some wise changes and it is crucial for them to put more power in the hand of its local brands like Seat or Skoda in Europe. It is also important to engage more and more people and raise their voices in all the concerns in the company. The offer is about the buy-back program where the company will be able to handle the affected vehicles with the suitable pricing with the out of circulation. The forms are set with the combined business profit where the social responsibility and sustainability which makes it to be fuel-efficient and environmental friendly vehicles. [17] Learning from the case A culture of the company was the problem since it discouraged the open dialogue and also restricts check and balances that result in cheating and cases of fraud. A culture with high level of standard can accept failure as development based option and on the contrary advantages for organization and workforce. Volkswagen has to consider failure as methods to motivate more communication internally and debate on the problems. The right as well as smart way here is to work at Volkswagen with the passion to solve the issues. [18]However issues like emission issue were stymied by the autocratic style of the CEO who constantly discouraged highlighting the defect. 3.As a CEO, it is important to embrace the learning on continuous basis with high level of constructive destruction which allows the workforce to gain some confidence to at least try new opportunities as well as experiences. This further permit them to evaluate the failures, adjustment and moving forward. It is also critical to keep philosophy into action with right focus on the internal talent into leadership designation by giving formal kind of training and also mentoring to assist employees to improve the overall skills.[19] 4.There is part of the reason here which covers problems and claims them to be basic issues of leadership. It is important to ensure here that the management is aware of everything and accordingly make better decisions and also motivate a debate along with challenges that do not need any bad attitude to happen along with the outcome for the natural level of group dynamics. Data flow and debate can further be stifled because of instinctive aim of the people around leader to change and bring more bad news along with questioning the challenges. However, there are still some proofs that suggest that working culture are constantly evolving in a manner in which such issues become more and more crucial. Volkswagen needs to work on building the reputation of the company with the good value to work on the legal, moral and the social responsible manner. The consumers need to focus on the products with the lost trust. The company has been found to be damaged with the strategic functions that le ad to the long-term perspective to achieve the organisation goals and meeting the interest of the stakeholder. Volkswagen need to focus on working over the practical and the legal issues where the demonstrations are about the deceptive conduct. With this, one need to make sure of the government regulators with the emission of the exhaust systems, with the state-of-the-art, and the environmental technology. Conclusion It is important to focus on any of the unethical scandal with the setup of the business culture. The compliance is based on working over the different approaches where there is a need to improve the moral rules with the value based practices. In other words, it is crucial to cultivate the culture that motivates more and more learning. This happens to include the will to motivate failure in the name of development also support the employees in their career development. The emissions and the pollution is a significant concern and need to be dealt with providing an offering of better technology and development programs. Therefore, it further stays relatively forgotten and rarely mentions in capability framework of leadership. References AVOLIO, B.J. and YAMMARINO, F.J. eds. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). (Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 2013) BIRKLAND, T.A..An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. (Routledge. 2014) BOLOS, M.A.G.Equity research of Volkswagen: valuation amidst of an emissions scandal(Doctoral dissertation, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gesto). 2016) BUSH, T. and GLOVER, D., School leadership models: What do we know?.School Leadership Management,34(5), (pp.553-571. 2014) DINH, J.E., LORD, R.G., Gardner, W.L., MEUSER, J.D., LIDEN, R.C. and Hu, J.,Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.(The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. 2014) FABBIO, P. Dieselgate and Consumer Law: Repercussions of the Volkswagen scandal in Italy.(Journal of European Consumer and Market Law,6(2), pp.94-96. 2017) HAUGH, T. Cadillac Compliance Breakdown.(Stan. L. Rev. Online,69, p.198. 2016) LEBBON, V. Without Proper Regulation, is Corporate Social Responsibility just a Public Relations Tool?.(Journal of Promotional Communications,5(1). 2017) NAHAVANDI, A.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. (Pearson. 2016) NILSEN, P.. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. (Implementation Science,10(1), p.53. 2015) NOTTENSTEINER, L.The influence of CSR on employer attractiveness and application for the millennial generation: (a case study on BMW(Doctoral dissertation). 2017) PARKAY, F.W., ANTCIL, E.J. and HASS, G.Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. (Prentice Hall 2016) SHAPIRO, J.P. and STEFKOVICH, J.A.,Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. (Routledge. 2013) VAUHKONEN, P.. The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in European companies. 2017) VYAS TIPPABHOTLA, V.K. Corporate and social responsibility. (The case of Volkswagen. 2016 Nahavandi, A..The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. 2016 Fabbio, P. Dieselgate and Consumer Law: Repercussions of the Volkswagen scandal in Italy.Journal of European Consumer and Market Law,6(2), pp.94-96. 201 Bush, T. and Glover, D.. School leadership models: What do we know?.School Leadership Management,34(5), pp.553-571. 2014 Parkay, F.W., Anctil, E.J. and Hass, G..Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. 2014 Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Nilsen, P., 2015. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks.Implementation Science,10(1), p.53. Birkland, T.A., 2014.An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. Routledge. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Lebbon, V., 2017. Without Proper Regulation, is Corporate Social Responsibility just a Public Relations Tool?.Journal of Promotional Communications,5(1). Bolos, M.A.G., 2016.Equity research of Volkswagen: valuation amidst of an emissions scandal(Doctoral dissertation, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gesto). Haugh, T., 2016. Cadillac Compliance Breakdown.Stan. L. Rev. Online,69, p.198 Fabbio, P., 2017. Dieselgate and Consumer Law: Repercussions of the Volkswagen scandal in Italy.Journal of European Consumer and Market Law,6(2), pp.94-96 Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Nottensteiner, L., 2017.The influence of CSR on employer attractiveness and application for the millennial generation: a case study on BMW(Doctoral dsertation). Nottensteiner, L., 2017.The influence of CSR on employer attractiveness and application for the millennial generation: a case study on BMW(Doctoral dissertation). Vyas Tippabhotla, V.K., 2016. Corporate and social responsibility. The case of Volkswagen. Fabbio, P., 2017. Dieselgate and Consumer Law: Repercussions of the Volkswagen scandal in Italy.Journal of European Consumer and Market Law,6(2), pp.94-96.